Background : Spirometric reference equations are essential for accurate interpretation of lung function tests. However, most globally used equations are derived from Western populations and may not reflect the physiological norms of Arab populations. Aim : To systematically evaluate the applicability of internationally adopted spirometric reference equations within Arab populations and to assess the availability of population-specific equations in the Arab world. Methodology : A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and CORE databases for studies published up to July 2023. Studies were included if they developed, validated, or assessed spirometric reference equations in Arab populations. Out of 57 initially identified studies, 14 met the inclusion criteria. Results : Based on the 14 studies conducted, the majority of studies reported that predicted values for forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) and forced vital capacity (FVC) in Arab populations were significantly lower than those predicted by equations derived from Western populations. This discrepancy suggests potential misclassification of respiratory diseases when non-local reference values are applied. Conclusion : The routine application of spirometric reference equations developed in Western populations may lead to inaccurate interpretation of lung function in Arab individuals. There is a clear need for developing standardized, population-specific reference equations that account for the ethnic and anthropometric characteristics of Arab populations to enhance diagnostic accuracy and clinical decision-making.