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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">143</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:892805cc-c5d0-571f-8841-3ba335035073</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics – International Edition</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">RCPP</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">1011-6583</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2945-1922</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>PHARMAKON-Press</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.61873/FCXV3865</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">34730</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Review Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>In vitro skin models. Challenges and future steps</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Letsiou</surname>
            <given-names>Sophia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Beloukas</surname>
            <given-names>Apostolos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Rallis</surname>
            <given-names>Efstathios</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Kefala</surname>
            <given-names>Vasiliki K.</given-names>
          </name>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2222-8535</uri>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos Str., Egaleo, 12243, Athens, Greece</addr-line>
        <institution>Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos Str., Egaleo, 12243</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Athens</addr-line>
        <country>Greece</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>17</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>38</volume>
      <issue>s1</issue>
      <fpage>63</fpage>
      <lpage>65</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/9008C5BF-4846-5A39-8E40-F7A07F2F32C1">9008C5BF-4846-5A39-8E40-F7A07F2F32C1</uri>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Sophia Letsiou, Apostolos Beloukas, Efstathios Rallis, Vasiliki K. Kefala</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>The <i>in vitro</i> models have great potential in skin-related research as well as in testing for active ingredients in cosmetics, dermocosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Human skin behavior can be simulated <i>in vitro</i> using a variety of methods ranging from cell monolayer models to complicated organotypic and bioengineered three-dimensional models. Moreover, skin <i>in vitro</i> models offer an excellent alternative to animal testing in cosmetics and some of them are validated to be used as preclinical assays. However, the <i>in vitro</i> simulation of the whole skin together with its appendages is still in its early stages. In this article we discuss a short evolution of skin models with its challenges and its future.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
